Low arches, also known as flat feet, refer to a condition where the arches of the feet appear significantly reduced or absent, causing the entire sole to come into contact with the ground. Individuals with low arches may experience symptoms such as foot and ankle pain, instability, overpronation (excessive inward rolling of the foot), and discomfort in the lower legs or knees due to poor shock absorption.

Medium arches, also known as normal arches, refer to a moderate curvature of the foot's arch. People with medium arches typically experience a balanced distribution of weight across their feet and may be less prone to foot conditions like overpronation or high arch-related problems, though they can still occasionally experience discomfort or fatigue after prolonged periods of standing or walking.

High arches, also known as pes cavus, refer to a condition where the arch of the foot is significantly elevated. People with high arches may experience symptoms such as foot pain, instability, frequent ankle sprains, and difficulty finding comfortable footwear due to excessive pressure on the ball and heel of the foot.